Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with low self-esteem. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the strength cross-sectional relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem in individuals BDD, mentally healthy controls, community or student samples, cosmetic surgery patients. Moreover, role depressive other moderating factors were investigated. Methods A keyword-based literature search performed identify studies which symptoms assessed. Random effects Fisher’s z-transformed correlations partial controlling for influence conducted. In addition observed effects, we corrected individual variance restrictions address varying ranges across samples. Results Twenty-five a total 6278 participants included. moderately negative found ( r = −.42, CI [−.48, −.35] uncorrected correlations, −.45, [−.51, −.39] artifact-corrected correlations). revealed that could partly account aforementioned pr −.20, [−.25, −.15] −.23, [−.28, −.17] sample type (e.g., samples) diagnosis appeared moderate only before artifact correction effect sizes, whereas all moderators non-significant correlations. Conclusions findings demonstrate an important hallmark beyond symptoms. It appears evaluation not limited appearance but also extends domains self. Altogether, our emphasize importance addressing corresponding core beliefs prevention treatment BDD.